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From GaN to Qi2.
The most important terms around charging and accessories, explained in plain language.
The unit of measurement for electrical power.
Watt (W) describes how much electrical power is transferred. The basic relation is Watt = Volt × Ampere.
Why is this relevant to me? A charger's wattage is a maximum value — not automatically the power your device actually uses.
What it does NOT mean A high wattage rating on a charger doesn't guarantee that your device will actually draw that much power.
More on ChargingThe unit of measurement for electrical voltage.
Volt (V) describes electrical voltage. Together with current (Ampere), it produces power (Watt).
Why is this relevant to me? Modern charging standards negotiate voltage and current together, not just a fixed wattage.
More on ChargingThe unit of measurement for electrical current.
Ampere (A) describes current. Together with voltage (Volt), it produces power (Watt).
Why is this relevant to me? A cable's maximum current rating helps determine how much power can be transferred at all.
More on USB-C & CablesUSB-C describes the connector shape, not the performance.
USB-C is a connector system — the shape of the plug. Whether a device or cable charges quickly, transfers data quickly, or supports video signals with it depends on additional standards that are independent of the connector itself.
Why is this relevant to me? Two USB-C cables or devices can look visually identical and still differ significantly in capability.
What it does NOT mean USB-C doesn't automatically mean fast charging, a specific data rate, or Power Delivery.
More on USB-C & CablesThe base current rating for USB-C cables up to 60 W.
A USB-C cable rated for 3 A covers the base power class up to 60 W (at 20 V).
Why is this relevant to me? For many everyday charging scenarios, a simple 3 A cable is already sufficient.
What it does NOT mean 3 A alone says nothing about a cable's supported data rate.
More on USB-C & CablesThe higher current class for power levels above 60 W.
For power levels above 60 W, a cable rated for 5 A with an electronic marker (E-marked) is required.
Why is this relevant to me? Certain fast-charging solutions explicitly require a 5 A cable — without it, full power isn't reached.
What it does NOT mean Not every USB-C cable supports 5 A, even if it looks visually identical.
More on USB-C & CablesThe current USB-IF base rating for USB-C-to-USB-C cables.
For USB-IF compliant USB-C-to-USB-C cables, the current USB-IF compliance program uses power ratings of 60 W or 240 W. 60 W is the base class.
Why is this relevant to me? A cable rated at 60 W is sufficient for most smartphone charging scenarios.
What it does NOT mean Data performance and power capability should be considered separately — a 60 W cable says nothing about its data rate.
More on USB-C & CablesThe highest current USB-IF power rating for USB-C cables.
240 W cables are designed for the Extended Power Range of USB PD and require an E-Marker.
Why is this relevant to me? For very powerful devices, such as certain laptops, a 240 W-capable cable is a prerequisite.
What it does NOT mean A 240 W cable doesn't automatically deliver 240 W to a smartphone — the device decides how much power is used.
More on USB-C & CablesA small chip in the cable plug that reports the cable's properties.
The E-Marker is an electronic identification used in the USB-C/USB PD context that tells the charger and device the cable's electrical and functional properties.
Why is this relevant to me? Cables for higher power levels (above 3 A) require an E-Marker so the charger and device can even enable the higher power.
What it does NOT mean Not every USB-C cable has an E-Marker — simple 60 W cables usually don't need one.
More on USB-C & CablesA data standard that enables high data rates with appropriately specified solutions.
USB4 is a data transfer standard that runs over USB-C. With appropriately specified solutions, data rates of up to 80 Gbit/s are possible.
Why is this relevant to me? USB4 shows that connector shape and data standard are two different things.
What it does NOT mean USB-C doesn't automatically mean USB4, and USB-C says nothing about a specific data rate.
More on USB-C & CablesA standard that enables flexible power transfer over USB-C.
USB Power Delivery lets the charger and device automatically negotiate which voltage and current are transferred. USB PD 3.1 extended the power range up to 240 W and introduced additional fixed voltage steps (28 V, 36 V, 48 V) for power ranges up to 140 W, 180 W, and 240 W respectively.
Why is this relevant to me? PD is the foundation of modern fast charging over USB-C — but only if the charger, cable, and device support it together.
What it does NOT mean Not every USB-C device supports PD, and not every PD charger automatically delivers its full power to every device.
More on ChargingA voltage supply that can be programmed within defined limits.
With PPS, a compatible device can request a matching output voltage within the ranges supported by the charger — in finer steps than with fixed power profiles.
Why is this relevant to me? PPS is a prerequisite for some current fast-charging methods, including certain Samsung devices.
What it does NOT mean PPS doesn't automatically make every device faster — it requires support on both sides.
More on ChargingAn extended USB PD mode for intermediate voltages in the higher power range.
AVS lets a device request an intermediate voltage between 15 V and the charger's maximum available fixed voltage within the Extended Power Range of USB PD 3.1.
Why is this relevant to me? AVS is part of the current USB PD specification for very high power ranges — relevant primarily for laptop chargers.
What it does NOT mean AVS is not a FRATU or beclad product feature — whether a specific product supports AVS is stated exclusively in its own technical data.
More on ChargingSamsung's own designation for its fast-charging profiles.
Samsung Super Fast Charging (SFC 1.0/2.0) is Samsung's manufacturer-specific designation for certain fast-charging configurations. "SFC" also occasionally appears as a supported profile in technical data sheets of chargers outside the Samsung lineup.
Why is this relevant to me? SFC helps explain why some Samsung charging specifications are named differently from the general USB PD terms.
What it does NOT mean Mentioning "SFC" in a data sheet is not a Samsung certification and not an official Samsung partnership.
A wireless charging standard from the Wireless Power Consortium.
Qi is the established wireless charging standard from the Wireless Power Consortium (WPC), widespread since 2010.
Why is this relevant to me? Qi is the foundation on which Qi2 and Qi2 25W are built.
More on Wireless & Qi2The 2023 evolution of Qi with magnetic alignment.
Qi2 introduced, among other things, magnetic alignment in the corresponding Qi2 profiles and enables up to 15 W.
Why is this relevant to me? Qi2's magnetic alignment is meant to make placement easier and enable more accurate positioning.
What it does NOT mean Qi2-compatible, Qi2 Ready, and Qi2-certified are not the same thing.
More on Wireless & Qi2The newer Qi generation with up to 25 W.
Qi2 25W is based on a newer specification and, on appropriately certified and compatible devices, enables up to 25 W.
Why is this relevant to me? Qi2 25W shows that wireless charging standards keep evolving — "up to" remains a maximum value, not a guaranteed one.
What it does NOT mean Not every Qi2 device automatically charges at 25 W.
More on Wireless & Qi2The original, lower-power Qi power profile.
BPP is the classic base profile of the Qi specification for lower charging power levels.
Why is this relevant to me? BPP also appears in technical data sheets of real wireless chargers as one of several supported power levels.
More on Wireless & Qi2The power profile introduced with Qi2 for magnetically aligned charging.
MPP is the profile introduced with Qi specification version 2.0 that enables magnetic alignment and higher power levels.
Why is this relevant to me? MPP technically explains why Qi2 devices work differently from pure BPP devices.
More on Wireless & Qi2A semiconductor material that can be used in power electronics.
Suitable GaN designs can enable higher power density and therefore more compact charger designs than classic, silicon-based power electronics.
Why is this relevant to me? GaN explains why some powerful chargers can be built smaller today than in the past.
What it does NOT mean GaN doesn't automatically mean faster charging — charging speed depends on the interplay of charger, charging protocol, cable, and device.
More on ChargingCharging through multiple ports simultaneously on one charger.
Multiport chargers have several outputs (e.g. USB-C and USB-A) that can be used to charge at the same time.
Why is this relevant to me? When several ports are used simultaneously, the power available per port can change (see Power Sharing).
What it does NOT mean Not every multiport charger delivers the same maximum power to every port at the same time.
More on ChargingThe distribution of available power among several ports used simultaneously.
When several ports on a multiport charger are used at the same time, the total power can be distributed across the active ports.
Why is this relevant to me? This explains why a device sometimes charges more slowly when charging several devices at once than when charging alone on the same charger.
More on Charging